Does Europa's Ice Hide an Ocean?

Does Europa's ice hide an ocean?

Assimilation of Ice Concentration in an Ice–Ocean Model

Ice concentration is a critical parameter of the polar marine environment because of the large effect sea ice has on the surface albedo and heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Simulations of the energy exchange processes in models would benefit if the ice concentration were represented more accurately. Reanalysis simulations that use historical wind and temperature fields may de...

Ocean surface waves in an ice free Arctic Ocean

The retreating of Arctic ice edge implies that global ocean surface wave models have to be extended at high latitudes or even to cover the North Pole in the future. The obstacles for conventional latitude-longitude grid wave models to cover the whole Arctic are the polar problems associated with their Eulerian advection schemes, including the CFL restriction on diminishing grid-length towards t...

Does diabetes hide osteoarthritis pain?

Clinical practice and research efforts related to the highly prevalent and disabling disease, osteoarthritis (OA), have long been hampered by an inadequate case definition. Much of the difficulty is due to a lack of agreement between X-rays evidence of OA and a patient's report of pain at that site. Such discordance between reported pain and radiographic evidence of OA has been attributed to se...

15: An Arctic Ice/Ocean Coupled Model with Wave Interactions

– further our understanding of the hydrodynamical interactions between polar oceans and sea ice, especially with regard to the marginal ice zone (MIZ), i.e. the typically 10–100 km wide m ́elange of ice floes that connects open sea to the interior pack ice; – model the attenuation and spreading of directional seas within and in the waters adjoining MIZs, using a conservative, multiple wave scatt...